Just extract the Magento source code into the document root of your webserver (or vhost).
You’ll find the file install.php. Have a look into the file for a documentation on all available arguments. Basically you can pass all values as an argument that you would insert into the web interface while manually installing your Magento instance:
General:
--license_agreement_accepted // required, it will accept 'yes' value only
Locale settings:
--locale // required, Locale
--timezone // required, Time Zone
--default_currency // required, Default Currency
Database connection options:
--db_host // required, You can specify server port, ex.: localhost:3307
// If you are not using default UNIX socket, you can specify it
// here instead of host, ex.: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
--db_model // Database type (mysql4 by default)
--db_name // required, Database Name
--db_user // required, Database User Name
--db_pass // required, Database User Password
--db_prefix // optional, Database Tables Prefix
// No table prefix will be used if not specified
Session options:
--session_save <files|db> // optional, where to store session data - in db or files. files by default
Web access options:
--admin_frontname <path> // optional, admin panel path, "admin" by default
--url // required, URL the store is supposed to be available at
--skip_url_validation // optional, skip validating base url during installation or not. No by default
--use_rewrites // optional, Use Web Server (Apache) Rewrites,
// You could enable this option to use web server rewrites functionality for improved SEO
// Please make sure that mod_rewrite is enabled in Apache configuration
--use_secure // optional, Use Secure URLs (SSL)
// Enable this option only if you have SSL available.
--secure_base_url // optional, Secure Base URL
// Provide a complete base URL for SSL connection.
// For example:
https://www.mydomain.com/magento/
--use_secure_admin // optional, Run admin interface with SSL
Backend interface options:
--enable_charts // optional, Enables Charts on the backend's dashboard
Admin user personal information:
--admin_lastname // required, admin user last name
--admin_firstname // required, admin user first name
--admin_email // required, admin user email
Admin user login information:
--admin_username // required, admin user login
--admin_password // required, admin user password
Encryption key:
--encryption_key // optional, will be automatically generated and displayed on success, if not specified
Example
php -f install.php -- \
--license_agreement_accepted yes \
--locale en_US --timezone "America/Los_Angeles" --default_currency USD \
--db_host localhost --db_name magento_database --db_user magento_user --db_pass 123123 \
--db_prefix magento_ \
--url "http://magento.example.com/" --use_rewrites yes \
--use_secure yes --secure_base_url "https://magento.example.com/" --use_secure_admin yes \
--admin_lastname Owner --admin_firstname Store --admin_email "admin@example.com" \
--admin_username admin --admin_password 123123
Other command line tools
Magento also comes with some additional command line tools. One of them is the indexer.php. So simply run
cd shell && php -f indexer.php reindexall
and your Magento instance will be ready to use.